Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the isatin derivative (Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-phenyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide in mice

Several isatin derivatives have shown important biological activities, which have attracted interest from researchers. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the isatin derivative (Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-phenyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide (COPHCT) in mice. Three doses of this compound were tested: 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model and the zymosan-induced air pouch model. The evaluation of the antinociceptive effect was performed through the formalin test and the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test. The paw edema assay demonstrated that all doses of the compound showed a significant reduction of the edema in the second hour evaluated, but a better response was observed in the fourth hour. The zymosan-induced air pouch model indicated that the compound, in all doses, significantly reduced leukocyte migration and total protein concentration levels. In the formalin test, the doses 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg of COPHCT showed activity only in the second phase, with reduction in paw pain time of 73.61, 79.46, and 73.85%, respectively. The number of abdominal writhings decreased with the increasing dose, but only 5.0 mg/kg COPHCT exhibited a significant response, with a reduction of 24.88%. These results demonstrated the ability of this compound to interfere in the anti-inflammatory activity of edema, vascular permeability, and cell migration. In addition, its possible antinociceptive effect may be related to the dose used.

Efeito da adição do ácido linoleico conjugado no cultivo in vitro de embriões F1 Holandês x Zebu na sobrevivência pós-vitrificação / Effect of conjugated linoleic acid addition in in vitro culture medium in F1 Holstein X Zebu embryo survival post vitrification

Avaliou-se o efeito da adição do ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) ao meio de cultivo in vitro na viabilidade pós-vitrificação de embriões F1 Holandês x Zebu. Foram utilizados três meios de cultivo: controle (n=340 oócitos): meio SOF e soro fetal bovino (SFB), sem o CLA; SFB+CLA (n=359 oócitos): meio SOF, SFB e CLA; CLA (n=339 oócitos): meio SOF e CLA, sem o SFB. Todos os blastocistos produzidos foram submetidos à vitrificação, pelo método de Open Pulled Straw. Quinze blastocistos de cada tratamento foram fixados para quantificação lipídica por coloração com Sudan Black B. Para avaliar a viabilidade embrionária, foi observada a capacidade de reexpansão e eclosão pós-aquecimento dos embriões (controle=27; SFB+CLA=30; CLA=17). Foram realizadas transferências em um ou dois embriões por receptora para avaliação da sobrevivência in vivo: T1 [receptoras que receberam um blastocisto (n=17 embriões, sendo controle=5, SFB+CLA=6 e CLA=6)]; T2 [receptoras que receberam dois blastocistos, (n= 54 embriões, sendo controle=18, SFB+CLA=14 e CLA=22)]. Não houve diferença nas taxas de clivagem (62,1%; 74,0%; 74,0% para controle; SFB+CLA; CLA, respectivamente), produção de blastocistos em relação aos clivados (59,7%; 47,7%; 38,3% para controle; SFB+CLA; CLA, respectivamente) e produção de blastocistos em relação ao total de oócitos (37,1%; 35,4%; 28,3% para controle; SFB+CLA; CLA, respectivamente) (P>0,05). Houve diminuição de gotículas lipídicas nos embriões cultivados em meio suplementado com CLA em relação aos embriões cultivados na presença do SFB e na ausência do CLA (P<0,05). A taxa de reexpansão foi maior no grupo controle (70,4%) em relação ao CLA (47,1%) e menor no grupo SFB+CLA (43,3%) (P<0,05). O CLA foi eficaz em reduzir a deposição de lipídeos intracitoplasmáticos nas células embrionárias, porém não houve diferença de viabilidade após a desvitrificação dos embriões.(AU)

The effect of adding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to the culture media on the viability after cryopreservation of F1 Holstein X Zebu embryos was evaluated. Three different culture media were tested: control (n = 340 oocytes): SOF medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) without the CLA; FBS + CLA (n = 359 oocytes): SOF, FBS and CLA; CLA (n = 339 oocytes): SOF and CLA without the FBS. The produced blastocysts were subjected to vitrification, by the Open Pulled Straw method. Fifteen blastocysts per treatment were fixed for lipid quantification by staining with Sudan Black B. Embryo re-expansion and hatching capability were used to assess viability (control = 27; FBS + CLA = 30; CLA = 17). Transfers of one or two embryos to recipients were performed to evaluate in vivo survival: T1 [recipients that received one blastocyst (n=17 embryos, Control=5, FBS+CLA=6 and CLA=6)]; T2 [recipients that received two blastocysts (n =54 embryos, Control=18, FBS+CLA=14 and CLA=22)]. There was no difference in cleavage rate (62.1%; 74%; 74% for Control; FBS + CLA, CLA, respectively), blastocyst production in relation to the cleaved structures (59.7%; 47.7%; 38 3% for Control; FBS + CLA, CLA, respectively) and blastocyst production relative to the total oocytes (37.1%, 35.4%, 28.3% for Control; FBS + CLA, CLA, respectively) between treatments (P> 0.05). A reduction of lipid droplets was observed in embryos cultured in medium supplemented with CLA compared to embryos cultured in the FCS in the absence and presence of CLA (P <0.05). The reexpansion rate was higher in the Control group (70.4%) compared to the CLA (47.1%) and lowest for FBS+CLA (43.3%) (P<0.05). The hatching rates were similar among treatments, 42.1%; 23.1%; 25% for control; SFB + CLA; CLA respectively (P>0.05). Only one pregnancy was observed in early and confirmatory diagnosis, as the result of a Control group embryo transfer. Although embryos cultured with CLA have shown smaller intracytoplasmic lipid content, no difference was observed in viability following vitrification between treatments.(AU)

Avaliação da suplementação antioxidante na dieta para galos de matrizes pesadas em idade avançada sobre parâmetros reprodutivos / Evaluation of antioxidant supplementation in diet for aging broiler breeder roosters on reproductive parameters

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de antioxidantes suplementados às dietas de galos de matrizes pesadas em idade avançada sobre as características reprodutivas. Foram utilizados galos da linhagem Cobb com 47 semanas de idade. Estes foram distribuídos em quatros tratamentos, de acordo com a adição de antioxidante à dieta, sendo: A = grupo controle (sem suplementação antioxidante); B = suplementação de 9ppm de citranaxantina; C = suplementação de 6ppm de cantaxantina e D = 150ppm de vitamina E. Foram avaliadas as características seminais, tais como volume, vigor, motilidade e concentração, a composição de ácidos graxos do sêmen (saturados, insaturados, monoinsaturados, poli-insaturados, ômega 3, ômega 6 e ômega 9) e a correlação entre o peso dos testículos e o peso dos galos. Não foram observados efeitos das substâncias antioxidantes testadas sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos avaliados. Os antioxidantes avaliados não influenciam as respostas reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de matrizes pesadas em idade avançada.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antioxidant supplementation in diets of aging broiler breeder roosters on reproductive characteristics. Cobb roosters were divided into four groups, according to antioxidant addition, where: A = control group (without antioxidant supplementation); B = 9ppm of citranaxanthin; C = 6ppm of canthaxanthin, and D = 150ppm of vitamin E. Seminal characteristics (volume, force, motility and concentration), semen fatty acid composition (saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, ω3, ω6 and ω9), and the correlation between testis weight with rooster weight were evaluated. No effects of the antioxidants tested were observed. The antioxidants do not influence the reproductive responses of aging male broiler breeder.(AU)

Evidence for the participation of nitric oxide in pemphigus

Pemphigus is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the skin. Nitric oxide (NO) is an inflammatory mediator linked to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological phenomena that include skin tumors, psoriasis, urticaria, and atopic dermatitis. Inflammatory cells present in pemphigus lesions are important sources of NO production. We investigated whether NO is involved in pemphigus. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Dermatology Service of the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio of the Federal University of Ceará. All patients seen at the outpatient clinic between August 2000 and July 2001, with a clinically and histologically confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus were included. The median age was 42.5 years (range: 12-69 years) with a male to female ratio of 3:2. Total serum nitrite levels, used as a marker for NO production, were determined by the Griess reaction. Skin biopsies from pemphigus and breast surgery (control) patients were used for the detection of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-two (22) patients with pemphigus and eight (8) controls who did not differ in demographic characteristics were included. Total serum nitrite levels were significantly higher (>7 æmol/L) in pemphigus patients compared to controls (<6 æmol/L), regardless of the severity of the clinical activity of pemphigus (P < 0.0001). All pemphigus biopsies presented increased immunostaining for iNOS that was not detected in normal skin samples. These data are the first to demonstrate that pemphigus patients display increased serum NO levels that are associated with increased iNOS expression in the affected skin.

Synthesis and biological activities of some human gastrin analogs

The synthesis of analogs of the C-terminal tridecapeptide of gastrin in described. These pseudopeptide analogs were obtained either by replacing the C-terminal phenylalanine amide with 2-phenylethytalcohol or with 2-phenylethylamine, or by replacing the peptid bond between Trp and Leu, or between Leu and Asp with an aminomethylene (CH2NH). The ability of these compounds to stimulate gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats and to inhibit binding of labeled CCK-8 to isolated cells from rabbit fundic mucosa was tested. [desPhe13, Leu11]-HG-12-I-beta-phenylethylester 33, [desPhe13, Leu11]-HG-12-II-beta-phenylethylester 38 [desPhe13, Leu11]-HG-12-I-beta-phenylethylamide 32, and [desPhe13, Leu11]-HG-12-II-beta-phenylethylamide 37 acted as gastrin receptor antagonists, while [Trp10-((CH2NH)-Leu11]-HG-13-I 31 and (Trp10-((CH2NH)-Leu11]-HG-13-II 36 acted as agonists. Unexpectedly, [Leu11-((CH2NH)-Asp12]-HG-13-I 30 and [Leu11-((CH2NH)-Asp12]-HG-13-II 35 were almost devoid of affinity for the gastrin receptor.

Estudo comparativo de morfina peridural 1,2 e 4mg em analgesia pos-operatoria. / Comparative study of epidural morphine 1,2 and 4 mg in post operative analgesia

Estudo prospectivo, comparativo da analgesia pos-operatoria em pacientes submetidas a cesareana e recebendo analgesico (dipirona) quando solicitado num grupo de analgesia espinhal com 0, 1,2 ou 4 mg de morfina peridural. Concluimos que a analgesia foi efetiva nos 4 grupos com uma incidencia maior de efeitos indesejaveis no grupo com 4 mg de morfina peridural